Updated
One-piece, two-piece, skirted, wall-hung
One-piece: tank and bowl cast as a single unit. No seam to clean, lower profile, heavier to carry upstairs. This is the default on contemporary work and it is what we supply most of.
Skirted: the outside of the trapway is enclosed by a smooth flat side rather than the usual contoured hollow underneath. Cleaning goes from a chore to a wipe. Confirm the mounting kit early, because a skirted bowl fixes to the floor differently from a standard one.
Wall-hung: the bowl cantilevers off an in-wall carrier and the tank hides inside the wall. Visually the lightest option and the easiest floor to mop under, but the carrier has to be set during framing. Decide before the walls close, not after.
Rough-in is the number that matters
Rough-in is the distance from the finished wall to the centre of the floor drain. Twelve inches is the North American standard and is what most of what we source is built for. Ten and fourteen inch rough-ins exist and are common in older houses and in tight powder rooms. Measure it before you specify anything, because the wrong rough-in is not a fixable problem at install.
S-trap versus P-trap is the other one to get right. An S-trap exits through the floor, a P-trap exits through the wall. The bowl has to match the drain you already have. Send the plumbing plan with the fixture list and it is checked against the schedule before anything is quoted.
What certification actually applies
Toilets in the United States and Canada are tested to a single harmonised standard, ASME A112.19.2 / CSA B45.1, and listed through a body such as IAPMO. The listing shows up as a cUPC mark, and the lowercase c is the part that makes it valid in Canada. The mark is required to be on the product itself, whether as a permanent stamp, a label, or a tag. A certificate sitting in a supplier folder is not the same thing.
Crateworks supplies cUPC or certified equivalent only, in both countries. A bowl that cannot produce its listing does not get supplied, whatever it costs us in a line item.
You can check any claim yourself. IAPMO publishes a public listing directory at pld.iapmo.org, searchable by listee name or file number. If a claimed listing is not in there under the manufacturer legal name, it is not a listing. We would rather you check than take our word for it.
Flow is regulated separately. United States federal law caps toilets at 1.6 gallons per flush, California requires 1.28, and the voluntary WaterSense mark means 1.28 or less with a MaP flush-performance score of at least 350 grams. Ask for the MaP number rather than the gallons alone, because a low-flow bowl that needs two flushes saves nothing.
